Peikoff Logic

Peikoff Logic

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Method of Agreement vs Method of Difference Rules of Elimination
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Ambiguity of "All S is Not P"
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Analogies Problem - Artists
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Analogies - Hume
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Mill's Methods - Hazlitt
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Mill's Methods - Alkali
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Mill's Methods - Mr. Smith
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Definition Question - Education
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Definition Question - God
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Definition Question - Cause
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Definition Question - Sleep
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Definition Question - Sculpture
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Definition of Science - Question
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Immediate Inference Problem - Happiness
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Immediate Inference Problem - Diabetes
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Immediate Inference Problem - Chronic Liars
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Immediate Inference Problem Re: Thinkers and Doers
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Eligible for Marriage Question - Hypothetical and Alternative Arguments
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Keynesianism Question - Hypothetical and Alternative Arguments
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Needy Girlfriend Fallacy Question
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Objective Truth Fallacy Question
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No Atheists In Foxholes Fallacy Question
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Capitalism Fallacy Question
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Immortal Soul Fallacy Question
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Tito Informal Fallacy Question
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How to proceed in analyzing analogies
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How to evaluate the generalization involved in an analogy?
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What justifies analogical reasoning?
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Are Analogies a New Type of Argument?
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Analogical Arguments
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Analogies

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Fallacy of Reversing Cause and Effect
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Method of Residues (Mill's Methods)
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Concomitant Variation (Mill's Methods)
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Method of Difference (Mill's Methods)
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Fallacy of Improper Analysis
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Confusing a Necessary Condition with a Cause
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Fallacy of Emphasizing Irrelevant Factors
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Mill's Methods

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What is a Cause?
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Post Hoc Ergo Proctor Hoc (inductive fallacy)
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Oversimplified generalization (dicto simpliciter) (inductive fallacy)
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Hasty generalizing (inductive fallacy)
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Experimental/Scientific/Eliminative Induction
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Inductive Fallacies

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Peikoff's Comment on Simple Enumeration
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Three Tips For Defending Inductions by Simple Enumeration
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Problems With Induction by Simple Enumeration
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Induction by Simple Enumeration
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Problem of induction
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Inductive Leap
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Genuine Induction
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Induction by Complete Enumeration
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Methods of Induction

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Induction (Aristotelian definition)

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What is a Generalization? Why learn about them?

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Validity of Contraposition for Different Expressions
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Rule of Obscurity
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Rule of Negatives
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Rule of Circularity
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Rule of Fundamentality Examples
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Rule of Fundamentality
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Criteria for Logically Equivalent Definition
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Fallacies (Rule of Equivalence)
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definiens
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definiendum
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Rule of Equivalence
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Differentia
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Genus
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Rules of Definition

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Ostensive Definitions
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What a definition is not?
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Definition of Definition
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Essential Characteristics
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How do we keep our concepts related to reality?
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Definitions

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Example Of Translating - Going Back from Dead End
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Translation from English to Syllogisms

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Sub-implicant
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Super implicant
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Subcontraries
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Contraries
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Square of Opposition Table Form
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Contradictory
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Square of Opposition

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Examples of Weak Alternative Statements (Disjuncts)
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Explanation of Contrapositive of E
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Obversion Truth Value Table
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Explanation of Contrapositive of A
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Obversion Example
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Conversion Graphic (Not from Peikoff materials)
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Informal Fallacy Homework Example with Atheists in Foxholes
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Subjects
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Informal Fallacy Homework on Immortal Souls
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Informal Fallacy Homework on Tito

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Unless = If Not
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Example Problem for Analyzing Syllogisms
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Steps for Analyzing Syllogisms
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Tips on Transforming Expressions
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Contrapositive Graph for Truth Values
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Example of Statement that Apparently Violates Rules
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Summary of the Principle of the Fourth and Fifth Rules of Syllogistic Validity
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Example 2 of Violating Fifth Rule of Syllogistic Validity
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Example of Violating Fifth Rule of Syllogistic Validity
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Fallacy of Two Negatives Example
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Fallacy of Illicit Major Example
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Fallacy of Illicit Minor Example
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Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle Example
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Rules of Syllogistic Validity

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Syllogisms (Categorical Arguments)

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Conventions for Terms
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Example of an Argument
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Middle Term
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Minor Premise
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Major Premise
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Major Term
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Minor Term
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Contraposition
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Conversion
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Obversion
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Immediate Inference vs Mediate Inference

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Distribution
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Singular Statements
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The Word "Some"
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Copula
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Quantifier
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Common Designations for Syllogisms / Standard Forms

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Quality
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Quantity
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Syllogism (general topic)

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Transform Weak Alternative Statement Into Hypothetical
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Weak Alternative Statements (And/Or)
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Tips for Validly Manipulating Hypothetical Arguments to Reveal If There is A Valid Chain

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Purely Hypothetical Arguments
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Common Synonyms for "If"
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Translating "Only" Statements Into If Statements

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Denying the Consequent (Modus Tollens) (Valid)
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Affirming the Consequent (Invalid)
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Mixed Hypothetical Forms
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Invalid Argument Forms
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Valid Argument Forms
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Denying the Antecedent (Invalid)
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Affirming the Antecedent (Modus Ponens) (Valid)
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Categorial Statement
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Alternative Statement
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Hypothetical Statement
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Truth & Validity
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Deduction
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Induction
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Deductive Reasoning

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Reduction Ad Absurdum (valid technique)
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Extension
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Irrelevant Conclusion (Non-sequitur)
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Special Pleading
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Neglected Aspect
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Misuse of the Mean
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Cliche Thinking
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Stolen Concept Fallacy
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Appeal to Laughter
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Fallacy of False Alternatives
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Division
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Examples of Composition
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Composition
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Excerpt-Lifting
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Accent
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Amphiboly
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Equivocation
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Complex/Leading/Loaded Question Fallacy
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Question-Begging Epithet (Petitio Form)
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Circular Reasoning (Petitio Form)
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Arbitrary Definition (Petitio Form)
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Restatement (Petitio Form)
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Petitio principii (Begging the question)
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Onus of Proof Principle
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Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam (Argument from Ignorance)
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Argumentum ad Misericordiam (Appeal to Pity)
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Argumentum Ad Hominem (Circumstantial)
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Appeal to Other People's Emotions (Argumentum Ad Populum)
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Appeal to One's Own Emotion
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Is discrediting the testimony of a witness based on past lies ad hominem?
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Argumentum Ad Hominem (Abusive)
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Argumentum Ad Baculum (Appeal to Force)
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How to properly rely on experts & witnesses (Argument from Authority)
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Peikoff's Sub-types of Argument from Authority
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Informal Fallacies

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Argumentum Ad Verecundiam (Argument from Authority)
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Subjectivism
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Attacks on Logic
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Mysticism
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Proof
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Three Aristotelian Laws of Logic
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Law of Excluded Middle
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Law of Non-contradiction
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Law of Identity
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What is wrong with contradictions?
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What is logic?
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Why do we need logic?
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